Solar energy does not always generate electricity when energy is most needed. It is highly susceptible to weather, season, geographical location and other factors.
Even without sunlight, industrial solar battery storage can help solar power contribute to the electricity supply. It can also help smooth out fluctuations in the flow of solar energy into the grid. These fluctuations are due to changes in the amount of sunlight that hits photovoltaic (PV) panels or concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Solar production can be affected by seasons, time of day, clouds, dust, haze or shadows, rain, snow, and other obstructions. Sometimes storage is co-located with the solar system or placed next to it, and other times the storage system is standalone. In either configuration, it can help more efficiently integrate solar energy into the energy landscape.
"Storage" refers to technologies that can capture electrical energy, store it as another form of energy (chemical, thermal, mechanical), and release it when needed. Lithium-ion batteries are one such technology. Although using storage is never 100% efficient (some energy is always lost in the process of converting and recovering energy), storage allows energy to be used flexibly at times different from when it is generated. Therefore, storage can improve system efficiency and resilience and enhance the quality of electric power by matching supply with demand.
Storage facilities differ in energy capacity (the total amount of energy that can be stored, usually measured in kilowatt-hours or megawatt-hours) and power capacity (the amount of energy that can be released at a given time, usually measured in kilowatts or megawatts). Different storage energy and power capacities can be used to manage different tasks. Short-term storage lasts only a few minutes and ensures smooth operation of solar power plants when clouds pass by causing output fluctuations, while long-term storage can provide power supply for days or weeks during low solar production or significant weather events.
Without industrial solar battery storage, power must be generated and consumed simultaneously, which may mean grid operators will shut down some generation or "curtail" some generation to avoid overgeneration and grid reliability issues. Conversely, during sunset or other times like cloudy days, solar generation is low but power demand is high. Industrial solar battery storage can be used at these times, filling or charging the storage when generation is high, and then distributing it when the load or demand is high. When part of the solar power is stored, it can be used when grid operators need it, including after sunset. In this way, industrial solar battery storage becomes an insurance policy for sunlight.
Short-term industrial solar battery storage can ensure that rapid changes in generation do not significantly impact the output of solar power plants. For example, small batteries can be used to ride through brief generation disruptions caused by passing clouds, helping the grid maintain a reliable and consistent "stable" power supply.
Industrial solar battery storage can provide backup power during outages. They can keep critical facilities operating to ensure the continuous provision of essential services, such as communication. Solar and storage can also be used in microgrids and smaller applications like mobile or portable power units.
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